In the world, different legislative institutions of government that are responsible for improving traffic safety. This is important because you need to combine three elements:
- The education of traffic participants
- The traffic control and road system.
- The vehicle performance
The conditions that may be mentioned that the most important requirements do not describe the design, but performance criteria to be met in the tests defined. Only those norms support the creativity of engineers and contest of different ideas.
On legislation in the automotive world, there are different starting points depending on the country. For example, the goal the bodies responsible for developing standards in the United States was that participants in traffic, especially the driver, could be educated only in a limited way; Therefore, those in the vehicle must be protected in case of an accident caused by your own vehicle.
He was given the second priority to measures to prevent accidents. Contrary to the view of the United States, European lawmakers gave the driver much more responsibility because the central point for them was the prevention of accidents. Beginning and until the mid-1960s, the number of serious and fatal accidents with injuries reached such a high level that the US government is defined in November 1966, with the Act Motor Vehicle Safety intensive requirements for automobiles. Europe and other countries followed.
In Europe, the situation with regard to standards development process is as follows: vehicles can drive faster than 6 km / h (3.7 mph) and can be driven on public roads must meet national requirements or if possible, apply for an approval -tipe European Economic Community (ECC). If the vehicle manufacturer applies for approval of ECC type, you must also prove that it has introduced a system of quality control to ensure the conformity of production (COP).
Based on the agreement of 1958 concerning common rules for the approval of parts and vehicles, the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe is working to harmonize the different standards around the world. By setting October 16, 1955, the working title now has the following meaning: "New Agreement concerning the adoption of uniform technical prescriptions for wheeled vehicles, equipment and parts used in road vehicles. .. ".
Application for membership is on a voluntary basis. This means that countries that are not members of the ECC GU5 United Nations could join this organization.
From March 1998 to November 1999, the ECC and Japan, respectively, became members of this commission. More than 100 rules are in force, and some of those rules could be used as part of the approval of ECC type. Additional actions to minimize trade barriers between the continents of America, Japan and Europe began with the Transatlantic Economic box. The aim is to improve trade relations between Europe and the United States and to reduce trade barriers. A further commitment was given to create, more comprehensively, applies to vehicles. In international research activities Harmonized (IHRA), the following topics, led by the countries below, are handled:
side impact: Australia
Frontal impacts: Italy
the compatibility of vehicles: UK
Biomechanics: United States
Intelligent Transport Systems: Canada
pedestrian safety: Japan
Guided by the IHRA Steering Committee, the number of harmonized standards should be increased. As of February 2000, approximately 80% of standards were able to be harmonized if the automaker accepts the highest security level in the other continents.
Reference:
Complied
from sources of National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and
Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standars (FMVSS), Washinton, DC, United States.
